Level Up Your Code Quality As A Software Engineer [Part 23] - Everything In 1 Place

Monoliths and god-classes are 2 of the most common code anti-patterns, especially in Big Tech. They're extremely easy to fall into, and monolithic infrastructure is actually the right call for the vast majority of software as 99% of software is nowhere near the scale of FAANG. This lesson will teach you:

- Why the "Everything In 1 Place" anti-pattern is so damaging, not just for readability but developer productivity as well
- One of the most powerful clean code techniques: **The delegate pattern** (this is how Meta referred to it). It can go by other names, but the core concept is to understand how an interface works. Once you master this pattern, you'll be able to break up any large codebase into readable, focused, modular components. Delegates were easily the most commonly used clean code pattern back during Alex's time at Instagram. Alex goes through an in-depth example from the Taro app itself to walk you through exactly how this technique works.

If you want to learn more about Instagram's stellar engineering culture around code quality, check out this in-depth discussion: ["What do mobile testing strategies look like at top tech companies?"](https://www.jointaro.com/question/fpySzIO02aQ0sCz5N6dP/what-do-mobile-testing-strategies-look-like-at-top-tech-companies/)

Make Sure To Do This To Get Full Credit For Your Work

On top of doing the work, what else do you need to do in order to get full credit for what you are doing?

True or false: It is bad to give more public status updates for your project as it will come across as looking for attention.

Why should you not feel icky when you are properly broadcasting the status of your project?

Core points:
- *You don't get credit automatically for doing good work, especially if you work in a large company.*
- It is vital that you bring visibility to your work and claim credit for jobs well done in project updates, meetings, and other more public avenues.
- You may feel "icky" for sharing status updates - Don't! If your work is truly important, than it's worth sharing about and keeping the team in the loop. If you don't feel like your work is important, then you have a separate problem you need to address.
- Use project updates to thank others! Treat it as a mechanism to build social capital.

Related resources on how to write concise, impressive project updates:
- ["How can a painfully introverted person increase their visibility and promote themselves?"](https://link.jointaro.com/3XHsUifABjyN3Tq98) - From a SWE intern at Google
- ["How to get more visibility on work?"](https://link.jointaro.com/aQUHxnsNAJVcRgth6) - From a junior engineer [E3] at Meta

Becoming A Staff Engineer In Big Tech (Panel Discussion)

The journey to Staff Engineer is unique for everybody. Let’s talk about all the ways we got there! Senior Engineer is a terminal level at most tech companies.

Staff Engineer is the next level up. This is referred to as Staff at Meta/Google, or Principal Engineer at Amazon/Microsoft. ([Rahul's promotion story](https://www.jointaro.com/lesson/qvp2quodqAEWSkN7sayt/case-study-building-a-meta-internal-tool-to-empower-an-entire-org-staff-promotion-story/).)

Partial list of questions discussed:

- How do you know which problems are worth solving?
- How do you communicate to your manager that you want Staff promo? And what do you look for in a manager?
- What type of teams do you think best support growth into the Staff level?

Panelists:

- [**Zach Wilson** - Airbnb](https://www.linkedin.com/in/eczachly/)
- [**Rahul Pandey - Meta**](https://www.linkedin.com/in/rpandey1234/)
- [**Carly Taylor - Activision**](https://www.linkedin.com/in/carly-taylor-data/)
- [**Lee McKeeman - Google**](https://www.linkedin.com/in/lmckeeman/)
- [**Ryan Peterman - Meta**](https://www.linkedin.com/in/ryanlpeterman/)

See discussions about Staff Engineers on Taro: <https://www.jointaro.com/topic/staff-engineer/>

Watch the full [Senior to Staff course on Taro](https://www.jointaro.com/lesson/NE3J4vWP7BoWlNgbRtCw/becoming-a-staff-engineer-in-big-tech-panel-discussion/).

Write A Stellar Resume As A Software Engineer [Part 9] - I Know (Suck At) Everything

When it comes tech stacks on your resume as a software engineer, less is usually more. This lesson teaches you:

- What employers are looking for when it comes to an engineer's technical skills on their resume
- Why it's dangerous to put a bunch of technical terms (i.e. keyword stuffing) on your resume
- A simple framework to determine whether or not you should put a technical term (programming language, library, domain) on your resume

Take the code quality course here: [Level Up Your Code Quality As A Software Engineer](https://www.jointaro.com/course/level-up-your-code-quality-as-a-software-engineer/)

Ace Your Tech Interview As A Software Engineer [Part 16] - FAANG Or Bust (And Why It’s Dumb)

Software engineers have a deep obsession with "FAANG" often treating it as the Holy Grail of career goals. Unfortunately, this often leads to job searching failure. This lesson teaches you:

- How software engineers greatly underestimate the difficulty of getting into Big Tech and how they should believe and act instead
- Why FAANG companies are generally averse to hiring non-senior candidates
- The many reasons why going to Big Tech later in your career is good for you
- The path most engineers have to take in order to break into FAANG (and why that's perfectly fine!)

If you want to learn more about FAANG and Big Tech:

- [\[Taro Top 10\] Breaking Into FAANG](https://www.jointaro.com/playlist/roKqDHgxu4C5CioEFpJY/)
- ["What's the difference between Big Tech and startups in terms of learning and growth?"](https://www.jointaro.com/question/KWXIrFIR1EIJsvdOdo7u/whats-the-difference-between-big-tech-and-startups-in-terms-of-learning-and-growth/)

System Design Series: Taro Playlists [Part 8] - Breaking Down The Work And Timeline

You can find the full [system design doc here](https://docs.google.com/document/d/15WaM8Ojan82g0m2mtz6kC2Hiyj0Q6VbjfqRmVNDI3qw/edit?usp=sharing) - Feel free to use it as a template for when you are doing a system design at your job!

The tactics are covered in the doc linked above, so this summary will focus on the "meta" context behind this part and additional commentary:

- Something Alex forgot to mention in this video is the "POCs" section, where POC = "Point of Contact".
  - Big projects will usually have a lot of stakeholders, so having this "people map" is very helpful for any project stakeholder to know who to direct their questions to for a certain aspect of the project (which are often about the timeline/milestones).
  - This small, humble section is *especially* relevant at FAANG/Big Tech where the range of responsibility holders is almost always huge for major projects.
- Decomposing work and breaking big projects down into smaller tasks is helpful for so many reasons:
  - It allows you to estimate the project far more accurately by increasing clarity.
  - It creates "swim-lanes" for more junior engineers as they now have smaller, clearer chunks of work as opposed to this giant, hulking ambiguous cloud of a project.
  - It makes it easy to understand project as you can now break clusters of tasks into groups and attach a milestone to each group.
- Don't just decompose the work: Try to sequence it into a logical order as well. For example, if you're building a CRUD feature, you probably want to prioritize the "Create" part as that's what everything stems from.

Performance Bonus Explainer With Meta Senior Software Engineer [E5] Example

This video breaks down how **performance bonuses** work in the tech industry, focusing on their structure, key variables, and real-world examples—especially from companies like Facebook. It underscores how these bonuses are a significant portion of total compensation and are both performance- and timing-sensitive.

- **Performance bonuses are calculated using a base percentage** tied to level and salary, and then adjusted by two multipliers: individual performance and company performance.
- **Company performance multipliers vary**, often based on metrics like revenue or stock performance. For example, Facebook’s company multiplier was 90% in late 2017, despite its historically strong track record.
- **Individual performance multipliers** reflect how well someone met expectations (e.g., "meets all" equates to 100%), and strongly influence the final bonus amount.
- **Bonuses are only paid if still employed at payout time**, meaning even working a full half-year won't earn a payout if the person leaves before the bonus distribution date.
- **Payout examples help contextualize the numbers**: a senior engineer at Facebook with $62K eligible earnings, a 15% target bonus, and multipliers of 1.0 (personal) and 0.9 (company) would receive about $8,300—paid out roughly two months after the performance period ends.

DSA Crash Course [Part 40] - Depth First Values Walkthrough

In this lesson, Alvin walks through the python implementation for the *depth_first_values* problem.

Code along and test your work in the following editor workspace: <https://structy.net/problems/depth-first-values?language=py>

If you need additional support taking these DSA skills and actually applying them, take [**Alvin's**](https://www.linkedin.com/in/alvin-zablan-b73a92117/) *complete* data structures and algorithms course on [**Structy**](https://structy.net/?utm_source=taro). You can try out the concepts yourself in their interactive code editor and learn advanced DSA patterns like stack exhaustive recursion.

Use [**this link to get 20% off**](https://structy.net/purchase?promo_code=taro20) the entire Structy DSA learning experience.

Follow Alvin on LinkedIn: <https://www.linkedin.com/in/alvin-zablan-b73a92117/>

Negotiation Course: Misconceptions Around Negotiating

Given how taboo money + compensation is, there are unsurprisingly many misconceptions about negotiation. Here are 3 common lies you may have heard about negotiation:

**Myth #1**: *"Your offer will get rescinded if you negotiate."* Companies will never rescind your offer for simply negotiating if you do it in good faith and you're not lying about it. Once you’ve gotten to the offer stage, the company has invested many hours of time evaluating you, so it'd be irrational for them to withdraw the offer simply because you're curious about the compensation package.

**Myth #2**: *"Negotiation makes you look cheap."* In fact, quite the opposite. Negotiating effectively shows that you're a high-value candidate, and that you understand the value you're bringing to the company. 

**Myth #3**: *"Someone will get less if you get more."* This is not how tech job offers work. The technology industry (at least the VC-backed companies that employ the majority of people) is focused on rapid growth. These companies are generally more concerned about growth rather than trying to save money through small compensation adjustments.

File all this under fake news!

How Big Tech Judges Interview Performance Differently

What is the main extra axis that Big Tech companies will grade interview candidates on?

As long as you get a correct, optimal solution, that is enough to pass a Big Tech interview round.

Why is communication so important in Big Tech companies?

True or false: Big Tech companies don't really care about what specific technologies and programming languages you have worked with.

What's the core high-level asset Big Tech interviewers look for?

- At a lot of companies, you can just get the right solution and pass. This will often not be the case with Big Tech interviews.
- Communication is much more important at Big Tech companies as there's more stakeholders on everything
- Try not to be silent for 5+ minutes at a time during the interview. Regularly be explaining your thought process
- Massive companies like Meta and Microsoft will have very custom technology, so it doesn't really matter what you're currently experienced in
  - Because of this, Big Tech companies generally let you code in whatever language you want
- It's possible to get the sub-optimal solution or a slightly incomplete solution and still pass the interview if your communication is very strong

Related resources:
- [[Masterclass] How To Ace Your Big Tech Interview - Data Structures And Algorithms](https://www.jointaro.com/lesson/V4sTACzfOh22nMVcUV3w/masterclass-how-to-ace-your-big-tech-interview-data-structures-and-algorithms/) - The video this clip was taken from
- [Alex's Guide To Effective Communication](https://www.jointaro.com/playlist/hVdLQQzfslaYarLSCmmy/)
- [[Masterclass] How To Ace Your Big Tech Interview - System Design](https://www.jointaro.com/lesson/J3I9fTW9ulr6T9KjxpqY/masterclass-how-to-ace-your-big-tech-interview-system-design/)
- [How Alex Got Into Meta With 0 Prior LeetCode Experience](https://www.jointaro.com/lesson/ZYiTbN21FsqFxFdpwt5a/how-alex-got-into-meta-with-0-prior-leetcode-experience/)

Onboarding Tips Within Larger Companies

In a large company, you should expect a more formal onboarding process. However, don’t let this be an excuse to move slowly. Your goal is (still) to set up your environment and land code within a week.

Big companies will have many teams which may have slightly competing priorities. That means you need to invest in relationships and understand how the work connects between teams. Disperse and collect knowledge from around the company.

Spend some time understanding the unique terminology and culture of the company. Companies like Amazon, Meta, Google, Microsoft are large enough that they have their own set of acronyms, languages, and cultures!

[Masterclass] Understanding And Optimizing Your Pay In Tech

Related resources:
- ["If my main goal is compensation, would it be wise to learn blockchain tech since it will potentially be the tech of the next couple decades?"](https://www.jointaro.com/question/tyS6MzzADqBzt10802Mh/if-my-main-goal-is-compensation-would-it-be-wise-to-learn-blockchain-tech-since-it-will-potentially-be-the-tech-of-the-next-couple-decades/)
- ["How do people in Big Tech deal with constantly fluctuating Stock Prices from their company?"](https://www.jointaro.com/question/JhEDkJl8AexlsL4IXBOH/how-do-people-in-big-tech-deal-with-constantly-fluctuating-stock-prices-from-their-company/)
- [[Taro Top 10] Pay Negotiation](https://www.jointaro.com/playlist/uyWSc5q79zFw2Ei7w59d/)
- [Presentation Slides](https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1MdJrfT-wBDI6p-3z2_4rNY8IJwlvj1X7n3E5bmYajFU/edit?usp=sharing)

Master The Behavioral Interview [Part 22] - Do Mock Interviews

Software engineers love working and studying solo, but this is extremely difficult with behavioral interviews. This lesson teaches you:

- Why behavioral interviews are inherently collaborative and effectively require mock interviews to master
- How to get the most value from your mock behavioral interview sessions

Become An Open Source Master [Part 7] - Improve Something You Use

The video advises that we should start by finding a project that we're passionate about, rather than aiming for the biggest or most well-known ones.

- **Choose projects that you already use or are familiar with**, as this gives you a head start in understanding the project's goals and potential areas for improvement.
- **The dependency graph on GitHub can help you identify potential projects** by showing the dependencies of projects you're already working on.
- **Consider contributing to smaller or medium-sized projects by companies**, as these can offer valuable learning experiences and opportunities to build relationships with professional developers.
- **Contributing to open source can lead to career opportunities**, as demonstrated by the example of Sophie Alpert and her work on the React project.

Article shown by Sophie Alpert: [Using React to speed up the Khan Academy question editor](https://sophiebits.com/2013/06/09/using-react-to-speed-up-khan-academy)

Connect with James:

- GitHub: <https://github.com/jamesgpearce>
- Twitter (X): <https://twitter.com/jamespearce>

How To Navigate Pivotal Points In Your Tech Career - By Casey Dai

[Casey Dai](https://www.linkedin.com/in/caseydai/) is a Head of Engineering at Capgemini, leading Data Engineerings and ML Ops. On top of that, he has a rich history of tech leadership across Manulife and Accenture.

To learn more from Casey, connect with him on LinkedIn: [Casey's LinkedIn](https://www.linkedin.com/in/caseydai/)

Here's some of the incredible career wisdom Casey has shared on Taro:
- ["How do I choose whether to become a people manager or continue to be an individual contributor?"](https://www.jointaro.com/question/aMvbV6SUjdDaU8RftQk5/how-do-i-choose-whether-to-become-a-people-manager-or-continue-to-be-an-individual-contributor/)
- ["How to make communication succinct and more impactful?"](https://www.jointaro.com/question/QDLV5owweJveRLlspOdc/how-to-make-communication-succinct-and-more-impactful/)
- ["Why would a senior make themselves replaceable?"](https://www.jointaro.com/question/b5eUTVq4m9ANQ5QCUc3q/why-would-a-senior-make-themselves-replaceable/)
- ["How to get into networking as a fresher?"](https://www.jointaro.com/question/2Ld9u7f4pVcm36cj1P36/how-to-get-into-networking-as-a-fresher/)
- ["How to get interview calls?"](https://www.jointaro.com/question/MOCBUYFhyn7Yv5ZF7qBU/how-to-get-interview-calls/)

Master The Behavioral Interview [Part 11] - Interviews Are A 2-Way Street

One of the easiest ways to tank your career as a software engineer is to join the wrong company or team. Despite this, so many software engineers squander their time in behavioral interviews to uncover extremely valuable information about the quality of an organization. This lesson teaches you:

- Why not having thoughtful prepared questions to ask the interviewer makes you look really bad in a behavioral round
- The critical career importance of behavioral interviews being a 2-way street

Ace The ML System Design Interview [Part 3] - Big Picture Design

A strong big-picture system design is crucial for success in machine learning system design interviews. It's not about drawing a perfect diagram immediately, but about demonstrating an understanding of the system's components and their interactions. Here are the core points from this lesson:

- Identify the inputs and outputs of the system during the alignment phase to establish a foundation for building the diagram
- Start with the user and the service, then progressively add components, especially those involving machine learning, to illustrate the flow of data and processes
- Break down machine learning components beyond a single "ML system" box to show the different stages and types of models involved
- Include essential infrastructure elements, such as feature stores, to demonstrate a comprehensive understanding of the system
- Iterate on the diagram, adding or modifying components as a deeper understanding of the problem and its requirements develops

If you like what Ilya has to say, subscribe to his YouTube for more high-quality ML/AI career guidance: [MLEpath - YouTube](https://go.mlepath.com/taro-youtube-mlepath)

If you want hands-on support from Ilya to crack the FAANG ML interview, join his coaching program: [MLEpath - Coaching Program](https://go.mlepath.com/taro-march-25)

Master The DSA Interview [Part 6] - Why Does FAANG Do This?

If data structures and algorithms aren't actually used on the job, why do Big Tech companies use these problems as a cornerstone of their interview process? This lesson teaches you:

- Why Big Tech isn't just being evil and stupid when they use data structures and algorithms problems on their interviews
- How data structures and algorithms problems can have a surprising amount of depth
- What most engineers don't understand when it comes to how FAANG rejects candidates
- How Google and Meta in particular differ from almost all other companies when it comes to hiring, which affects how their interview processes work

If you're interested in working at early-stage startups that don't ask LeetCode problems: ["How to find and connect with scrappy startups?"](https://www.jointaro.com/question/9jFuRj3UymeHsaKIzXia/how-to-find-and-connect-with-scrappy-startups/)

Claiming Full Credit For Your Projects On Performance Review

- What is the project: Which features did it compose of? How does it work?
- Context behind the project:
  - Why was this project hard/interesting: Complexity of projects is especially important for more senior engineers.
  - What was the business impact: Did it lead to more revenue directly? Did it improve user experience? Was a core KPI increased?
- Role you played in the project: What value did you specifically add to the project, especially that of the deeper kind? For Big Tech companies, this is very important as projects can easily have 15+ people working on them.

The Most Important Thing To Do After You Get Laid Off

As a software engineer, you naturally have a lot of leverage as a highly sought after, highly-skilled worker. If you end up getting laid off, take the opportunity to use that leverage and seriously think about bettering your future.

Here are the core points:
- **Take the time to introspect about career direction** - When you're working, it's way too easy to get lost in the hustle and just trudge from project to project. After you're laid off, you now have the mental freedom to really think about where you want to go with your career. This will take at least several days, maybe even weeks. Try to envision what the perfect job looks like to you and make that your goal. Ask yourself where you want to be 5 or 10 years from now.
- **Think about what makes you happy** - This sounds cliched, but it's 100% true. There's no point min-maxing your compensation and level if you're fundamentally unhappy while doing it. The tech industry is such a broad space: There is a right opportunity for everybody where they can grow their career and be happy while doing it. But in order to get that opportunity, you need to discover what genuine passions you have.

Related resources:
- [[Masterclass] How To Choose A Good Company And Team As A Software Engineer](https://www.jointaro.com/lesson/0WEmTNZOMIh8xAdfO3JH/masterclass-how-to-choose-a-good-company-and-team-as-a-software-engineer/)
- [Figuring Out The Best Company To Join As A Software Engineer](https://www.jointaro.com/lesson/Nqs0U6rt2qFyXKSZurTh/figuring-out-the-best-company-to-join-as-a-software-engineer/)
- ["How do I know what I'm great at?](https://www.jointaro.com/question/hksE5OSxktWdbnQQFdaT/how-do-i-know-what-im-great-at/)

Tech Career Growth Videos

Our instructional videos provide software engineers with insights needed for career growth. Masterclasses go incredibly in-depth on a specific tech topic while case studies are real examples from established engineering leaders.