Rahul Pandey

For many software engineers, bugs can feel like terrifying roadblocks — distractions from the “real” work of building features and shipping projects. But the truth is, learning to fix bugs well is one of the most underrated ways to grow as an engineer.

This course is designed to help you shift your mindset around debugging and give you the tools to become that go-to person when things go wrong. This course will help you:

- 🧠 Learn how to **properly** **prioritize** debugging

- 📋 Understand the **necessary prep work** before the fix

- 💡 Develop a **mental framework** to fix any bug

- ✅ Understand **the difference** between good and bad fixes

- 🏆 Be able to **get maximum credit** for debugging

By the end, you’ll not only be faster and calmer when facing bugs — you’ll also see them as opportunities to stand out, deepen your skills, and accelerate your career.

Become A Debugging Master And Fix Issues Faster

Overview

Before Debugging

Finding The Fix

Resolution

Conclusion

Go Deeper: Follow Through

How This Course Works

Why You Should Love Bugs

Debugging Is A Premium Skill

Where To Find Bugs

Prioritization

Reproduce The Issue

Understand The Blast Radius

Write Down All The Context

Understand The End-To-End Flow

Document Your Process

The 2 Styles Of Bug Searching

Take Breaks

Create A Real Fix

Debugging Case Study: Meta

Monitor System Health

Retrospect

Share The Learning

Build The Infra

Become A Debugging Master [Part 19] - Go Deeper: Follow Through

Related courses:

- [Ask Great Questions That Get Great Answers Quickly](https://www.jointaro.com/course/ask-great-questions-that-get-great-answers-quickly/)
- [Level Up Your Code Quality As A Software Engineer](https://www.jointaro.com/course/level-up-your-code-quality-as-a-software-engineer/)

Become A Debugging Master [Part 1] - How This Course Works

Most software engineers groan when they get hit with a random bug task while they're in the middle of feature development. However, this is actually the completely wrong reaction reaction to have - It should be the opposite! This course is here to teach you why bugs are a deeply underrated growth opportunity and how you can become amazing at fixing them fast.

Here are the core parts of the lesson:

- Your instructor [**Rahul Pandey**](https://www.linkedin.com/in/rpandey1234/) walks you through his extensive 10+ year Silicon Valley background with rapid career advancement, ending up as a high-performing Staff Engineer \[E6\] at Meta. Most importantly, he talks about how becoming a debugging master led to him getting to Meta E6 and boosting his total compensation to $800k+!

- We walk you through the course objectives. By the end of the course, you will:

  - 🧠 Learn how to **properly** **prioritize** debugging

  - 📋 Understand the **necessary prep work** before the fix

  - 💡 Develop a **mental framework** to fix any bug

  - ✅ Understand **the difference** between good and bad fixes

  - 🏆 Be able to **get maximum credit** for debugging

Joel Spolsky's wisdom: <https://www.joelonsoftware.com/2000/04/06/things-you-should-never-do-part-i/>

Become A Debugging Master [Part 2] - Why You Should Love Bugs

Bugs are often seen as a nuisance, but in reality, they offer one of the highest-impact ways to grow and succeed as an engineer. Here are the core points from the lesson:

- Junior engineers often avoid bugs to chase “cool” feature work, but experienced engineers recognize bugs as critical for making meaningful product impact
- Owning and fixing bugs can accelerate your career growth, even to senior levels like Staff or Senior Staff Engineer, by demonstrating deep technical skill
- Debugging teaches you to dive across teams, codebases, and systems—skills that are rare, valuable, and highly rewarded
- Fixing bugs ensures real, lasting impact compared to feature work, where many experiments and launches often quietly fail
- Mature engineers view the endless supply of bugs as opportunities to create visible, undeniable value by removing problems that directly affect users

Related resources:

- Code quality course: [Level Up Your Code Quality As A Software Engineer](https://www.jointaro.com/course/level-up-your-code-quality-as-a-software-engineer/)
- [Girish Patangay: The billion versions of Facebook you’ve never seen](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eXGgc79sGwY)

Become A Debugging Master [Part 3] - Debugging Is A Premium Skill

Debugging is one of the most difficult yet valuable skills you can develop as a software engineer. Here are the core points from the lesson:

- Debugging isn’t just one skill—it involves asking sharp questions, deductive reasoning, clear communication, systems thinking, and holistic understanding
- As AI-generated “vibe coding” becomes more common, engineers who can deeply understand and fix code will become even more valuable
- Successful debugging requires patience and true technical mastery, far beyond just prompting an AI or relying on automated solutions
- Beyond fixing bugs, top engineers also prioritize which bugs matter most, combining technical problem-solving with smart decision-making for maximum impact

Become A Debugging Master [Part 4] - Where To Find Bugs

Finding and fixing bugs proactively is one of the most underrated ways to accelerate your growth as an engineer. Here are the core points from the lesson:

- Great engineers don’t wait for bugs to be assigned—they actively hunt for them through QA reports, user feedback, crash logs, dashboards, and on-call alerts
- Proactively surfacing and solving bugs builds trust, reduces last-minute surprises, and makes you a more reliable and promotable team member
- Attending SEV (severe incident) reviews, learning from outages, and applying those lessons is a major career hack for fast growth
- Engineers can approach bugs at different levels of ownership, from simply reporting them to fully owning the investigation, fix, and communication
- Creating scope by finding and fixing high-priority bugs—even without being asked—can dramatically accelerate your career trajectory and reputation

Become A Debugging Master [Part 5] - Prioritization

Once you find a bunch of bugs, the next critical skill is knowing how to prioritize them. Here are the core points from the lesson:

- Use a framework of frequency vs. severity to quickly assess whether a bug is urgent, trivial, or somewhere in between
- For ambiguous cases, combine metrics (how many users impacted, company priorities) and your own judgment to make a strong recommendation
- Proactively get input from teammates with more context, and be prepared to justify why you’re working on a bug—or why it’s not worth fixing
- Developing this prioritization skill is key to advancing into senior and staff engineering roles, where you guide not just your own work but the team’s direction

Become A Debugging Master [Part 6] - Reproduce The Issue

It's crucial to thoroughly reproduce a bug before attempting to fix it - This can be often trickier than engineers think. Here are the core points from the lesson:

- Reproducing a bug requires systematically testing different versions, languages, devices, network conditions, experiments, and user paths—not just trying once and giving up
- Bugs might appear intermittent or path-dependent, so multiple attempts and thoughtful investigation into what *wasn’t* captured in the bug report are essential
- Understand the broader categories of software failures (functional, usability, integration, concurrency, security, performance, user error) so you can better diagnose the true underlying problem
- Strong debugging starts with deeply understanding when and why the bug occurs, forming the foundation for prioritizing and fixing it effectively

Types of software bugs: <https://www.browserstack.com/guide/types-of-software-bugs>

Become A Debugging Master [Part 7] - Understand The Blast Radius

One of the biggest mistakes software engineers make is jumping straight into fixing a bug without first understanding the full impact. Here are the core points from the lesson:

- Before fixing anything, assess and document the “blast radius” by asking when the issue started, who and where it impacts, and what product versions are affected
- Think ahead to the post-mortem by tracking detection, notification, response, and mitigation details early, even while still gathering info
- Communicate frequent updates to leadership and stakeholders—even if there’s no fix yet—to maintain trust and reduce panic

Become A Debugging Master [Part 8] - Write Down All The Context

One of the easiest ways to massively speed up your debugging (and make yourself look way more senior) is simple: write things down early and often. Here are the core points from the lesson:

- Don’t wait for clarity to write—writing your thoughts down is what *creates* clarity and uncovers next steps
- Always document repro steps, failed attempts, blast radius info, and hypotheses while debugging
- Writing things down improves your retention, narrows the search area, gives credit to others, and makes handing off bugs much smoother
- Even half-baked notes are powerful because they build momentum, reduce confusion, and help you communicate progress to others effectively

Become A Debugging Master [Part 9] - Understand The End-To-End Flow

Most engineers waste time guessing at random fixes instead of methodically understanding the flow of what’s actually happening. Here are the core points from the lesson:

- Before you fix a bug, deeply understand the end-to-end flow, the intended behavior, and where reality deviates
- Avoid “blind fixes”—randomly adding things like null checks without fully identifying the root cause leads to fragile software
- Break down the system into smaller steps, narrow down the problem area through a process of elimination, and ask better questions based on where things fail
- Understand which components are involved, how they communicate, and what data formats they expect to quickly spot mismatches or errors
- Strong debuggers act like detectives: they map out the flow precisely, isolate the problem, and only fix after gaining clarity on why things broke

Become A Debugging Master [Part 10] - Document Your Process

If you want to debug faster and avoid getting stuck, one of the best habits you can build is writing everything down. Here are the core points from the lesson:

- Document your hypotheses, tests, and findings continuously during debugging to create clarity, reduce mistakes, and avoid repeating the same experiments
- Writing things down makes it easier for teammates to jump in, share context quickly, and collaborate effectively when tackling complex bugs
- Even when debugging alone, written notes help you stay organized, maintain momentum, and prevent morale-killing mistakes like redoing work you already tried
- Good documentation habits (like clear pull requests and linking to issues) allow future debuggers to “time travel” and understand why code was written a certain way
- Strong debugging cultures start with individuals — write as you debug today, and your future self (and team) will thank you

Take the code quality course here: [Level Up Your Code Quality As A Software Engineer](https://www.jointaro.com/course/level-up-your-code-quality-as-a-software-engineer/)

Become A Debugging Master [Part 11] - The 2 Styles Of Bug Searching

When you’re stuck on a tough bug, how you approach it can make a huge difference in how quickly you find the root cause. Here are the core points from the lesson:

- Top-down debugging starts from the full application and removes pieces to isolate the bug, while bottom-up starts with a clean slate and adds code until the bug appears
- Bottom-up debugging can dramatically speed up iteration and discovery in large, complex codebases, even if it requires more upfront effort
- A key mindset is to “move the ball forward” by adding logs, setting alerts, or gathering information that will help your future self debug faster
- Forming clear written updates or questions based on your debugging history allows you to get much higher-quality help from others

Become A Debugging Master [Part 12] - Take Breaks

Sometimes the smartest move when debugging isn’t pushing harder—it’s stepping away. Here are the core points from the lesson:

- Taking breaks is critical to avoid getting trapped in unproductive rabbit holes and to regain a fresh perspective on tough bugs
- If you haven’t made meaningful progress after an hour, switching tasks, taking a walk, or asking for help can prevent burnout and unlock new ideas
- Breaks scientifically boost memory consolidation, accuracy, and problem-solving by giving your brain time to process and connect scattered information
- Studies show staying awake too long severely impairs your mental performance, making rest essential for effective debugging and clear thinking

Become A Debugging Master [Part 13] - Create A Real Fix

Quick fixes are tempting, but true engineering excellence comes from addressing the real problem. Here are the core points from the lesson:

- A surface-level fix, like returning null to avoid an exception, hides the real issue and often leads to worse problems later
- Always stress-test your fix, check nearby features, and invite feedback instead of hoping a band-aid fix is “good enough”
- If you must land a short-term patch, clearly document it and create a task for a proper fix to maintain team trust
- Use the “Five Whys” method to dig deep into the root cause rather than stopping at the first obvious error

Become A Debugging Master [Part 14] - Debugging Case Study: Meta

Let's make things concrete with a clear debugging case study from Meta. Here are the core points from the lesson:

- Mastering the deployment process (web continuous deploys vs mobile gated releases) and internal tools like “Where Is My Diff” at Meta can make it faster to rule out likely causes
- Being deeply familiar with experiments, gatekeepers, and other release tooling can help you spot issues like sudden error spikes or QA/test build failures without needing to dig into the code immediately
- Effective debuggers can quickly answer questions like when a code change deployed, what experiments launched, and what version a user was on during a bug report
- Going deep into tooling and metrics, not just code, lets you identify root causes faster, communicate precisely with teams, and resolve issues much more efficiently

How Facebook does continuous deployment: <https://engineering.fb.com/2017/08/31/web/rapid-release-at-massive-scale/>

Become A Debugging Master [Part 15] - Monitor System Health

Fixing a bug isn’t the end — true resolution means confirming the fix worked at scale. Here are the core points from the lesson:

- Always monitor system health after a fix using real metrics, not just local device testing, to verify the problem is truly resolved
- Track both user-facing metrics (like revenue, call minutes, login attempts) and code-facing metrics (like error rates, ingress/egress traffic, build failures)
- Be aware of natural variations in user metrics across days, weekends, and holidays so you don’t misinterpret normal fluctuations
- Revisit your original blast radius notes and make sure the impacted areas are reflected in your dashboards to fully validate recovery
- Understand the difference between root causes (e.g., spike in Firestore reads) and lagging indicators (e.g., billing costs) when monitoring your fix

Example metrics dashboard: <https://convertkit.baremetrics.com/>

Become A Debugging Master [Part 16] - Retrospect

One of the best ways to turn a bug fix into long-term engineering growth is to reflect on what happened and how to prevent it next time. Here are the core points from the lesson:

- After a fix, run a retrospective to figure out how to prevent or better handle similar issues in the future
- Writing a clean, detailed doc about the incident helps future engineers quickly learn without digging through scattered updates
- Big tech companies like Meta normalize failure and use formal SEV reviews to systematically improve after incidents

Meta's SEV culture: <https://atscaleconference.com/videos/metas-sev-culture-how-todays-sevs-create-tomorrows-reliability/>

Become A Debugging Master [Part 17] - Share The Learning

A lot of engineers move on immediately after landing a fix, but the best ones take the time to reflect and prevent similar issues in the future. Here are the core points from the lesson:

- Retrospectives help you identify root causes and system weaknesses so you can either prevent a future incident or make it much easier to detect and fix
- A good postmortem analyzes what went well and what didn’t across detection, notification, response, mitigation, and analysis, with detailed documentation to capture all learnings
- Writing a clean, detailed doc with screenshots and explanations makes it much easier for future engineers to learn from the incident without having to dig through chaotic logs or chat threads
- Big tech cultures like Facebook normalize failure and focus on minimizing damage and learning quickly, often using formal SEV reviews to improve systems and processes over time

Become A Debugging Master [Part 18] - Build The Infra

Building debugging infrastructure is a powerful way to level up your team and career. Here are the core points from the lesson:

- Invest in infrastructure like logging, dashboards, session recordings, bisect tools, and experiment tracking to make debugging easier for everyone

- Plan ahead by adding useful logging into products before bugs occur to speed up investigations and root cause analysis

- Funnel logging is especially valuable because it formalizes the end-to-end data flow, making it easier to spot where issues happen

- Building internal tools, even simple ones like the Log Insight tool at Meta, can lead to major team-wide adoption and career milestones

- Internal tooling projects are great side projects because they serve engineers directly, have less red tape, and can be very high impact

Rahul's internal tool case study: [\[Case Study\] Building A Meta Internal Tool To Empower An Entire Org: Staff Promotion Story](https://www.jointaro.com/lesson/qvp2quodqAEWSkN7sayt/case-study-building-a-meta-internal-tool-to-empower-an-entire-org-staff-promotion-story/)