Boeing

Health insurance, only 40 hours per week, small pockets of people who want to make things better.

Bureaucracy, cynical culture, and a failure to adapt to the modern world. Those with hope are beaten down, and those beaten down beat others down. The culture is primarily negative, with a few exceptions: I've met people who do a great job of making their teams positive. They are against the current, however, and I've seen them ousted frequently. Boeing is full of politics. From team leads to VPs, it's a battle for power and clout more than a coordinated effort to build great technology.

Reduce the structure and the policies.

Change hiring practices to get motivated, enthusiastic, and highly technically skilled employees.

Stop resisting modern technology.

Put technical people in leadership.

Drop the attitude that Boeing is better than the rest of the industry. We are WAY behind in terms of the tools we have available.

Empower employees at the very bottom. Allow those employees to follow their work through to fix the "throw it over the wall" mentality of the highly siloed teams.

Start measuring the cultural change you want. Don't try to make changes you can't measure.