Level Up Your Code Quality As A Software Engineer [Part 24] - Infinite Layers Of Nesting

Nesting is great for birds, but terrible for code. Having too much nesting is one of the easiest ways to make code terrible. This lesson will teach you:

- Why deeply nested code is literally hard to read
- The early-return pattern to unfurl nested code
- How to compress conditionals properly (this includes how not to mess them up)

DSA Crash Course [Part 30] - Get Node Value Approach

In this lesson, Alvin explores the strategy to solving the following interview problem:

> Write a function, *get_node_value*, that takes in the head of a linked list and an index. The function should return the value of the linked list at the specified index.
>
> If there is no node at the given index, then return *None*.

```
a = Node("a")
b = Node("b")
c = Node("c")
d = Node("d")
a.next = b
b.next = c
c.next = d

# a -> b -> c -> d
get_node_value(a, 2) # 'c'
```

```
a = Node("a")
b = Node("b")
c = Node("c")
d = Node("d")
a.next = b
b.next = c
c.next = d

# a -> b -> c -> d
get_node_value(a, 3) # 'd'
```

```
a = Node("a")
b = Node("b")
c = Node("c")
d = Node("d")
a.next = b
b.next = c
c.next = d

# a -> b -> c -> d
get_node_value(a, 7) # None
```

If you need additional support taking these DSA skills and actually applying them, take [**Alvin's**](https://www.linkedin.com/in/alvin-zablan-b73a92117/) *complete* data structures and algorithms course on [**Structy**](https://structy.net/?utm_source=taro). You can try out the concepts yourself in their interactive code editor and learn advanced DSA patterns like stack exhaustive recursion.

Use [**this link to get 20% off**](https://structy.net/purchase?promo_code=taro20) the entire Structy DSA learning experience.

Follow Alvin on LinkedIn: <https://www.linkedin.com/in/alvin-zablan-b73a92117/>

Do This To Stop Wasting Time In Your DSA Interviews

True or false: You should tackle the easiest, most trivial parts of a data structures and algorithms problem first, just to get it out of the way and boost your confidence.

True or false: A lot of the time, the interviewer won't care if you don't code out every single piece of the entire solution.

Why shouldn't you prioritize writing the simple utility methods your overall solution needs?

True or false: If you are 100% confident that your solution doesn't have bugs, just tell your interviewer you are done and kick the conversation back to them to save time and move on to the next problem.

You can save a lot of time during your data structures and algorithms interview by not having to write any utility functions.

Related resources:
- [[Taro Top 10] Effective Interview Prep](https://www.jointaro.com/playlist/HLBYxJI7D1j8STolrwum/)
- [[Taro Top 10] Finding A Tech Job](https://www.jointaro.com/playlist/E6R0wVJ5EyCfVnVrlfno/)

Master The Behavioral Interview [Part 9] - The Interviewer Isn’t You

One of the biggest mistakes software engineers make during behavioral interviews is not having empathy. This lesson teaches you:

- A crucial way to understand the goal of a behavioral interview
- How a lack of empathy leads to immediate tactical failure in behavioral interviews
- How you can use empathy to take in a non-confusing way

[Case Study] How I Get 500,000+ LinkedIn Post Views Per Week

[Alex Chiou](https://www.linkedin.com/in/alexander-chiou/) is one of the cofounders behind Taro, and he owes a lot of his success building up Taro to his LinkedIn profile. As of September 2023, he:

- Has 66,000+ followers
- Gets 500k - 1M post views per week
- Spends just 10-15 minutes writing each post

Alex covers a lot of ground in this presentation, so here are just the Top 5 core points:

- **LinkedIn is extremely underrated** - When it comes to return on investment for your time, LinkedIn is easily one of the most effective content creation platforms if not *the* most effective. Unlike TikTok, Instagram, and YouTube which are media-based and require lots more effort, you can regularly go viral on LinkedIn with relatively short snippets of text.
- **Consistency is key** - LinkedIn is pretty generous at allowing you to post many times a week without your posts cannibalizing each other. Try to post at least 3-4 times a week with the upper bound being 2 times a day. If you post too frequently, you are leaving views on the table. Also, you are naturally going to have some posts that do terribly and some that do well: By taking more shots on goal, you are evening out your returns. *Variance can be conquered with volume.*
- **Keep it short, don't be too smart** - This is *by far* the most common mistake Alex has seen aspiring LinkedIn creators make. Engineers tend to be very smart people who love to cover all the nuance, which leads to overly long posts that are neither concise nor dense. This type of content does horribly on social media. Alex's style is to have 5-9 sections (each separated by a line break) with each section being just 1-3 lines for a 30-75 second read. Keep it snappy.
- **Write first sentences, not posts** - The entire purpose of the 1st sentence is to convince the reader to read the 2nd. LinkedIn by default hides the vast majority of your post's text behind the "See more..." button. Purely focus on writing a compelling first sentence, and the rest of the post should flow from there.
- **Never forget: It's just social media** - LinkedIn, like every social media platform with 100M+ users, is full of dumb stuff. *Don't let that get to you*. Don't be afraid to disengage from the platform and not read notifications and comments. And never ever couple your emotional state to how well your social media posts are doing.

Related resources:

- ["Why should I bother building a brand or becoming famous on LinkedIn?"](https://www.jointaro.com/question/s1NVrO0VlvIufReDKCSl/why-should-i-bother-building-a-brand-or-becoming-famous-on-linkedin/)
- ["How to be brave and post publicly on LinkedIn?"](https://www.jointaro.com/question/xUJSnOXQOmJyisZCB0Qa/how-to-be-brave-and-post-publicly-on-linkedin/)
- [\[Case Study\] Building An Engineering Brand - Why And How (LinkedIn, YouTube, Twitter, Substack)](https://www.jointaro.com/lesson/t06NajpS2kSCk98IEmQm/case-study-building-an-engineering-brand-why-and-how-linkedin-youtube-twitter-substack/)
- [How Rigid Should You Be With Your Coding / Content Schedule?](https://www.jointaro.com/lesson/GaOB5qFLoTbGilp7UokF/how-rigid-should-you-be-with-your-coding-content-schedule/)
- [Presentation slides](https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1-_it2buJQ764fQAf5MgXtIKRrYJPI_ayUv5WdU5cslw/edit?usp=sharing)

Maximize Your Productivity As A Software Engineer [Part 22] - Introspect And Reflect

As software engineers, we are constantly getting things wrong, including our productivity system. This is why it's important to learn how to evolve and improve over time - There are very things in engineering where you can just set it and forget it. This lesson teaches you:

- How to set up introspection time and why it's important
- What questions to ask yourself when you reflect
- How to process action items to improve your productivity system

Level Up Your Code Quality As A Software Engineer [Part 22] - Too Many Comments

Comments is a coding technique everyone learns particularly early, which makes sense as newbies need the extra hand-holding. However, there's a weird phenomenon where code comments go from a good thing to a bad thing very rapidly in your career. This lesson will teach you:

- Why comments are so prolific across code
- How comments end up hurting rather than helping, especially at scale and with large codebases
- What you should do instead of adding a bunch of code comments
- The fundamental mentality around writing good, clean, readable code, which Alex breaks down with a concrete refactoring example

3 Quick, Powerful Negotiation Tips

DSA Crash Course [Part 29] - Linked List Find Walkthrough

In this lesson, Alvin walks through the python implementation for the *linked_list_find* problem.

Code along and test your work in the following editor workspace: <https://structy.net/problems/linked-list-find?language=py>

If you need additional support taking these DSA skills and actually applying them, take [**Alvin's**](https://www.linkedin.com/in/alvin-zablan-b73a92117/) *complete* data structures and algorithms course on [**Structy**](https://structy.net/?utm_source=taro). You can try out the concepts yourself in their interactive code editor and learn advanced DSA patterns like stack exhaustive recursion.

Use [**this link to get 20% off**](https://structy.net/purchase?promo_code=taro20) the entire Structy DSA learning experience.

Follow Alvin on LinkedIn: <https://www.linkedin.com/in/alvin-zablan-b73a92117/>

Nail Your Promotion As A Software Engineer [Part 13] - Create An Expectations Plan

Don't leave your promotion to chance - Getting promoted as a software engineer should be as close to a contract as possible. This lesson teaches you:

- Why you need an expectations plan to get promoted efficiently
- The right mentality to have when it comes to crafting an expectations plan
- How to organize your expectations plan, particularly at bigger tech companies
- What a top-tier expectations plan looks like with a real, in-depth example from Meta

If you're interested in the growth plan mentioned in the video, here it is: [Meta E4 -&gt; E5 Growth Plan](https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/v0/b/tech-career-growth.appspot.com/o/articles%2Fmeta_e4_to_e5_growth_plan.pdf?alt=media&token=e13d88fd-9356-4c20-a229-cf0cad78a9af)

Nail Your Promotion As A Software Engineer [Part 11] - Step 0: Establish Yourself

So many software engineers want to move up the career ladder as soon as possible, but they're way too hasty when it comes to seriously thinking about promotion. This lesson teaches you:

- The embarrassing failure mode to avoid with bringing up promotion
- How to know if you have established yourself as a rock-solid performer
- How long you should generally wait before asking about promotion

To dig deeper into becoming a high performer, check this out: ["What's the difference between a low performer software engineer and a high performer?"](https://www.jointaro.com/question/nMxx2EMVIlJbl1oK4SGu/whats-the-difference-between-a-low-performer-software-engineer-and-a-high-performer/)

Write A Stellar Resume As A Software Engineer [Part 6] - Poor Spelling And Grammar

The vast majority of software engineers don't have English as their first language, and this leads to many basic spelling and grammar mistakes on resumes. Unfortunately, this hurts engineers far more than they realize. This lesson teaches you:

- Why there is 0 tolerance for spelling and grammar errors on a resume (i.e. 1 mistake is enough to get your resume tossed out entirely)
- How spelling and grammar mistakes speak volumes about a software engineer's overall skill
- Basic ways to perfect the spelling and grammar of your resume, even if English isn't your first language

Master The DSA Interview [Part 5] - It's A Parasite

While data structures and algorithms are pivotal when it comes to cracking interviews, you need to be careful about how you interact with them. If you don't, they can easily tank your job search. This lesson teaches you:

- Why data structures and algorithms are parasitic
- How data structures and algorithms are actually the most shallow interview type, especially for non-junior engineers
- Other activities you can do on the job search to achieve more well-rounded results
- The decision tree you should use to figure out if you should go hard on data structures and algorithms studying

To learn how to build up your network: [\[Masterclass\] How To Build Deep Relationships Quickly In Tech](https://www.jointaro.com/lesson/tyaPFMXPoz2pmzB7OVzt/masterclass-how-to-build-deep-relationships-quickly-in-tech/)

To learn how to build effective side projects: [\[Taro Top 10\] Building Impressive Side Projects](https://www.jointaro.com/playlist/vKUWMgmmaEvzcYUXZs4B/)

Grow From Mid-Level To Senior Engineer [Part 14] - Work Towards The Team Goal

Software engineers aren't paid to write code; they're paid to solve problems. However, this mindset often takes years for engineers to truly internalize, often at the senior level. This lesson teaches you:

- How mid-level engineers and senior engineers react different when given a project
- The questions every senior engineer needs to ask when given a project
- What needs to be done in order to understand the true impact of a project

Ace Your Tech Interview As A Software Engineer [Part 33] - Understanding Big Tech Interviews

For many software engineers on the interview grind, FAANG is **the** pinnacle, the dream destination. However, Big Tech interviews are so frustrating and notorious for their difficulty. Why is that? This lesson teaches you:

- The general perspective of Big Tech when it comes to hiring software engineers
- What centralized hiring is, why it's unique, and how it affects the interview process (particularly for 2 certain FAANG companies)
- Which interview types are more common for Big Tech and why
- Which interview types are less common for Big Tech and why

To dive deeper into cracking the FAANG interview: [\[Taro Top 10\] Breaking Into FAANG](https://www.jointaro.com/playlist/roKqDHgxu4C5CioEFpJY/)

SWE Internship Survival Guide [Part 2] - The Rise Of Internship Importance

Breaking into the junior software engineering job market in 2025 is more challenging than ever—but internships offer a powerful path forward. Here are the core points from this lesson:

- The market for junior engineers is shrinking, with companies favoring experienced hires and AI-powered productivity
- Junior engineers often cost more than the immediate value they provide, making companies cautious about full-time hires
- Internships offer a low-risk way for companies to evaluate talent and are now the most reliable path to full-time offers
- Real-world experience from internships outweighs grades, certificates, or side projects in the eyes of employers
- Top companies like FAANG will often get 80%+ of their junior engineers from their returning intern pool, and strong performance during an internship can lead to high-paying offers and long-term career growth

Senior Staff Engineer (L7) Describes Most Important Skill - Kaushik Gopal

[Kaushik](https://www.linkedin.com/in/gopalkaushik/) is a Senior Staff Engineer at Instacart.

- **Most important skill**: identify, deliver, and measure the impact. At the Senior Staff level, it's not enough to execute on a technical vision, you also need to spend time identifying and measuring impact.
- **Advice**: talk to stakeholders across the company to identify problems and areas of impact. This includes non-eng functions like PM, design, customer support.

Here's the full playlist asking engineers what the most important skill is for their level: [Asking 7 Levels Of Engineers The Most Important Skill](https://www.jointaro.com/playlist/J9Io5lDGaYUpI8vGrUyI/)

Helpful links:

- [SWE2 --&gt; Principal Eng in 4 years](https://www.jointaro.com/lesson/Lvf1TDKt1R4ZJSCr9BVv/rockstar-software-engineer-story-sw2-greater-principal-in-just-4-years/)
- Taro's top 10 to get promoted from [senior to staff engineer](https://www.jointaro.com/playlist/YD8LMCSlE71VUGUbNAWM/)
- [David Pan on what makes a great tech lead](https://www.jointaro.com/lesson/uHqZZ15SK19MatEvLSO6/what-makes-a-truly-great-tech-lead-a-vp-of-engineerings-perspective/)
- [Kaushik on LinkedIn](https://www.linkedin.com/in/gopalkaushik/)

Negotiation Course: Recruiter Case Study: Insights From An Ex-Meta Recruiter

This was a conversation with a recruiter who spent several years as a recruiter at Facebook (Meta) and Pinterest. 

- The tactic of *"I will sign the offer if you meet me here"* is **effective if it's sincere**. You should be prepared to explore/defend various options around other ways the company could compel you to sign the offer.
- Exploding offers are almost always fake. Recruiters know that "**time kills all deals**" so they want to close candidates quickly. However, as a candidate, you can and should push back on an arbitrary deadline. Ask why the timing constraint exists and share why you need more time.
- Be graceful when you turn down a company's job offer. This recruiter would frequently be able to hire candidates several years later who had received an offer if they kept the relationship alive.

[Part 2] Meta Intern Success Series - High-level Expectations

You can find the full playlist here: [Meta Intern Success Series](https://www.jointaro.com/playlist/D4fbBZdkNhIZCyOUofBx/)

- As mentioned before, your goal is to be operating as an E3 MA (Meets All Expectations) by the end of your internship. Assuming the standard 12 week internship, you have 10 weeks to do this.
- You will be working on production code, dealing with Meta's gigantic codebase. The exception is FBU (FB University, a "pre-intern" program) where you build an app/website from scratch in isolation.
- **Every week is crucial**. A great/terrible week can make or break your internship.
- Raw coding ability is the main thing you're judged on as a SWE intern (literally ~90% of your packet). The 2 main components here are velocity and quality, which means that your goal as a SWE intern is effectively just to write a lot of very high-quality code fast.
- In a vacuum, target landing 3-4 diffs per week. Of course, this will vary based on org, stack, etc - Work with your intern manager (IM) to get a more accurate range. You can look at previously successful interns in the org to generate a baseline as well.
- Write 1-2 Workplace posts as technical writing is super important at Meta. The easiest thing to do is write about your intern project as you hit major milestones, especially when you launch it.
- You need a cast of people to vouch for you during calibrations. Target having 2+ peers on top of your IM (i.e. so 3+ people total).
- You will likely work on an internal tool as it's free from XFN thrash and dependencies. Meta has a lot of respect for quality internal tools as well.

A Framework For Integrating AI Into Your Workflow

> **AI will not replace you. A person using AI will.**

This [tweet](https://twitter.com/svpino/status/1610984481342771200) was seen 5M times because it captures a transformation that will happen in the workplace over the next 5 years.

This video covers a practical framework to apply AI tools like ChatGPT, Bard, or Github Copilot to become more productive in your job.

The goal for many of us is to become the mythical **10x engineer** – they have 10x as much impact as their peers. These engineers do exist, but they don’t write 10x more code or fix 10x more bugs. Instead, they understand the concept of leverage, which manifests in two ways.

- Take a challenging problem, and solve it in a 10x or 100x better way
- Make 10 or 100 people around you more productive

Shreyas Doshi has a [framework called LNO](https://www.aakashg.com/2022/02/01/lno-framework-for-product-managers/) to identify where you should spend your effort:

- *Leverage (L)* tasks are tasks that have huge consequences and you should do a great job.
- *Neutral (N)* tasks are tasks that are important, but don't have a big payoff. You should do a good job.
- *Overhead (O)* tasks are tasks that are a tax on your time. You should just get it done.

Let's go through an example in each bucket:

In the **leverage** bucket is creating the design or architecture for the project. This is high leverage not only because architecture is inherently difficult to change, but it’s also an important trust-building exercise.

- Ask AI to identify what could go wrong with your general approach and then add that as a discussion.
- Ask AI to summarize documents related to what you’re trying to build
- Ask AI to solve the problem and then sanity-check. The results here won’t always be good, but at least you should be able to explain why you’re choosing one path over the other.

Some coding tasks are in the **neutral** bucket. AI gives us the opportunity to dramatically speed up how long some coding tasks take.

- Use tools like Copilot to write boilerplate code much faster
- Instead of having to go to StackOverflow, you can get answers inline
- Ask for things like regexes or how to do something in idiomatic Kotlin

Finally, there are tasks in the **overhead** category that AI can help minimize

- The classic example is writing your performance review – you’re not actually having any business impact.
- I recommend every engineer has a [brag document](https://www.jointaro.com/lesson/QVqPkuCvplbHSqBWtKJX/make-your-promotion-case-easy-keep-a-brag-journal/) of what they did throughout the half or year. Then you need to massage all your work into whatever template your company uses.

With the rise of AI, asking good questions is more important than ever. Artificial Intelligence cannot read your mind (at least not yet 😅), so the quality of your question dictates the quality of your response. Learn more about asking good questions with our course: [\[Course\] Ask Great Questions That Get Great Answers Quickly](https://www.jointaro.com/course/ask-great-questions-that-get-great-answers-quickly/)

Tech Career Growth Videos

Our instructional videos provide software engineers with insights needed for career growth. Masterclasses go incredibly in-depth on a specific tech topic while case studies are real examples from established engineering leaders.