How to learn other technologies, or learn a new domain say ML for eg. while preparing for interviews?

Without focus, you cannot do anything effectively.

If you are preparing for interviews, then do just that. But have a deadline to join a new company. You cannot prepare for interviews all the time. After 2 to 3 months of interview prep and actual interviews, you should be free to do other things like you 2) and 3). I met some people who are always in interview preparation mode and never get anywhere. Don't be that person.

After you have joined a new company, the best case scenario is that you work on a project for the company that needs AWS, docker, Kubernetes, ML or (put your buzzword here) and you will do the learning and get paid as well. But this does not happen all the time.

There would be cases where you think your work project doesn't have the opportunity to learn about new technologies. Here many people miss out. There are many times opportunities to improve the CI/CD, build process, and better tooling.

Agree with Touseef -- if you're interviewing, make that the focus. If you're learning a new technology, make that the focus.

The way most engineers stay up to date:

• Talk to other engineers (casual conversation with coworkers, attending conferences, etc)
• Do side projects
• Read wikis/docs within the company to understand what's happening

I think Touseef pretty much nailed it. Interview prep is something that should be treated with intense focus, especially if you already have them lined up. That being said, a common trap I've seen is people grinding Leetcode and not realizing they can't even get the interview to begin with. I recommend checking out this lengthy discussion that goes through this more in-depth.

Things are more interesting when you don't have a lot of interviews or don't have any FAANG-level ones: In that case, you can split your time between interview prep and building side projects for learning. I talk about this in-depth here.

A common trap I've seen among mid-level engineers that holds them back from senior is that they aren't able to find additional scope among the work they're already doing. Here's a good thread around creating scope (from a mid-level engineer at Apple).

How do senior engineers or mid-level engineers keep themselves uptodate? or do they only learn "whatever is required to get my job done"?

I actually would push back against this mentality of needing to stay "up to date", especially if your goal is FAANG. The pressure to keep up with the latest framework is a trend I see among weaker software engineers who are more "commodity coders". The best software engineers (many of whom are at FAANG), are building up universally applicable fundamental skills, which manifest more as behaviors rather than knowledge.

If you really want to stay up-to-date though and can't do so at work, just build side projects.

I do understand that each individual might have different approaches to learning things, and figuring out what they want out of it, but labeling some folks as "commodity coders" doesn't seem right to me :)

This is a fair take - I agree that it's a pretty loaded term. This is more so with folks who go on the extreme end of the spectrum and directly and solely correlate career progression to keeping up with trends.

I'm glad you're able to get the top-shelf interviews, have good scope at your current job, and feel like you're making good progress building up fundamentals skills (it seems like the world is truly your oyster at this point). At the end of the day, I just want software engineers to be fulfilled in their careers. Appreciate your understanding response as well and happy holidays! 🥳

Thank you so much @Touseef and @Rahul! Will focus on prep with a timeline. Thank you