How to navigate the difficult SDE 2 to SDE 3 promotion?

This promotion at Amazon is notoriously difficult, so I have a lot of thoughts here. I'll split it into 2 parts:

1. Finding senior scope
2. Documenting your impact

Finding Senior Scope

• Of course, the team has a huge impact on the availability of scope. To figure out how to find those teams, I recommend going through this Q&A around questions to ask to vet a team (also from a mid-level engineer).
• However, something I really recommend for every engineer to do (especially mid-level/senior engineers) is to flip the mentality of "I need a good team to have good scope to move to the next level" into the more self-empowering mentality of "I will create the scope I need to move to the next level". I believe this is effectively a requirement for the mid-level to senior promotion, especially at FAANG where the bar for SWEs is so high. In terms of resources on how to create scope, I recommend these:
  • "How do I come up with innovative, impactful ideas and bring them to my team?" - Discussion started by a mid-level engineer at Apple where I shared a bunch of tactics on how to create senior+ scope.
  • Session #1 - Solving A Multi-Million $$ Instagram Bug - In this case-study, I break down how I found a SEV 1 at Instagram and really made the most of this situation. This is a clear example of how you can create great scope, especially at a FAANG company where there's tons of flaky legacy code.
• On top of expanding/creating scope, another dimension I see a lot of mid-level engineers not fully realize is that quality of execution matters a lot. You can always ship a project with more scalable code, with less production issues, with less thrash, and with more detailed analytics to better understand its performance and impact in production. I have seen many engineers get promoted to senior/staff level because they took the scope/projects they did have and shipped them far, far more smoothly than everyone else around them. The main lever to pull here is to get better at system design, and I recommend my System Design Series to learn just that, which includes a very thorough 9-page system design doc you can use as a template.

Documenting Your Impact

• The most important thing here is to represent yourself well in the self-review part of the performance review. We have a great video on how to optimize that here.
• It's true that showing the necessary impact and behavior to merit SDE 3 (and FAANG senior engineer in general), and my main piece of advice here is to document your progress here over the entire performance cycle as opposed to scrambling at the very end to compile everything. In general it's good for software engineers, especially senior+ engineers (and those targeting these promotions) to get into a habit of doing technical writing regularly. Tactically, the biggest piece behind this is writing a lot of great projects, which I cover in-depth here.
  • In my case, this turned my self-review at Meta largely into an exercise of largely just linking things together instead of building the entire case for myself from scratch. A big part of my growth to E5 (SDE 3 equivalent at Meta) was making sure that all my projects and their impact were impeccably documented, especially in the launch posts and milestone celebration posts. My self-review was always a sea of links to these posts, which means that the many pages of documentation I needed to make my case was effectively "pre-loaded".
• In general, it's good to keep a brag journal, which is a long-running document of your accomplishments. This is necessary as not all of your accomplishments will be covered in project updates - For example, if you have found success mentoring a more junior engineer, you wouldn't really have a "project update" post for them. I think most people who do the brag journal have it as a separate document, but I personally sort of "hacked" it by always having a "wins" section in my manager 1:1 notes. When I needed the "brag journal" contents for writing my self-review, I would just skim through my manager 1:1 doc.